The Epsilon EClipse™ is the latest electrochemical analyzer manufactured by BASi. It is a potentiostat/galvanostat with a second working electrode for bipotentiostat measurements. It comes with software that enables the most popular electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, and chronopotentiometry (select Techniques below for a more complete list). The Basic Plus software can be purchased to enable pulsed voltammetry and stripping voltammetry techniques.
Potentiostat, galvanostat, and potentiometer
Bi-potentiostat option
Multiple document Windows interface
USB connection
Optically isolated circuitry for noise reduction
Analog filtering
Moving average digital smoothing
Positive feedback iR compensation with circuit stability testing
Internal dummy cells for hardware test
Remote control of BASi® cell stands (CGME, C-3 Cell Stand, RDE-2)
Multiple experimental runs
File subtraction
Multiple text data file formats, including DigiSim
Peak finding routines (auto and manual)
File overlay
Anson plot (Q vs. t1/2) for chronocoulometry
Cottrell plot (i vs. t-1/2) for chronamperometry
Initiate potentiostat at open circuit potential
50/60 Hz selection for noise minimization
IUPAC or polarographic axis convention
Wide current range - microelectrode to small-scale electrosynthesis
Potentiostat
Channel 1 applied potential: Dynamic DAC: 16 bit, ±3.275 V @ 0.1 mV resolution or ±10 V @ 0.33 mV resolution.
Offset DAC: 8 bit, ±2.55 V @ 10 mV resolution
Channel 2 applied potential: Dynamic DAC: 8 bit, ±2.55 V @ 10 mV resolution
Compliance voltage: ±12 V
Maximum current: 100 mA
Bandwidth: > 100 kHz
Bias current: < 1pA
Electrometer input impedance: > 1012W
(values for parameters other than applied potential are for both channels)
Current-to-voltage converter
Full scale sensitivity: 1 nA*, 10 nA*, 100 nA, 1 µA, 10 µA, 100 µA, 1 mA, 10 mA,100 mA, (*secondary gain used)
Secondary gain: x1, x10, and x100
ADC resolution: 16 bit
Sampling rate: 50 kHz (20 µs/conversion)
Data length: up to 64k points - fast
Galvanostat
Applied current: 50 pA - 50 mA
Range: ±10 V, ± 1 V
Measured potential resolution: 0.02 mV
Max leakage current: 30 pA
I/O
Eout (applied potential)
Iout (current to voltage output)
Ein (input connection for external applied wave form)
Cell Stand port (control of C-3 Cell Stand and CGME)
Accessories Port (control of RDE-2)
PC (USB) port
Trigger out (TTL)
Minimum PC requirements:
Win 7 or higher
Pentium III
512 MB RAM
50 MB hard drive space available
USB port
Power requirements:
120 or 240 VAC, 50/60 Hz, 60 VA
Dimensions & weight
15.75" (40 cm) x 5.25" (13 cm) x 12.75" (32.5 cm)
17.5 lb (7.4 kg) (1 channel)
Cyclic Voltammetry/Linear Sweep Voltammetry
The most common voltammetric technique for characterizing new redox systems
Excellent for studying electrochemical and chemical kinetics
Step height (DAC resolution): 100 µV
Scan rate: 1 mV/s - 25 V/s
Optional DigiSim software for digital simulation
DigiSim text file format
Measurement of peak potential and current with automatic or manual definition of baseline
Chronoamperometry/Chronocoulometry
Excellent technique for measuring diffusion coefficients and electrode surface area
Single or double potential step (equal or unequal step times)
Step time: 1 ms - 65 s
Resolution > 20µs
Digital integration of current for charge vs. time
Cottrell plot (i vs. t-1/2): slope, intercept, and correlation coefficient, with automatic or manual definition of line
Anson plot (Q vs. t1/2): slope, intercept, and correlation coefficient, with automatic or manual definition of line
Controlled Potential Electrolysis
Used to calculate the number of electrons transferred/molecule or the amount of material present
Data acquisition up to 20 points/s and high resolution 20-bit data
Automatic termination at user-defined time, minimum current, total charge, or initial/final current ratio
DC Potential Amperometry
Basis of most FIA and LC detectors
Ideal for sensor research and development and amperometric titrations
Data acquisition up to 20 Hz and high resolution 20-bit datao
Open Circuit Potential vs. Time
Potential resolution: 20 µV
Data acquisition up to 20 points/s and high resolution 20-bit data
Chronopotentiometry
Potential resolution: 20 µV
Data acquisition up to 20 points/s and high resolution 20-bit data
Methods Option
Sequential Techniques
Prepare sequences with an unlimited number of techniques
Insert trigger and delays in sequence
Repeat sequence up to 9999 times
Electrochemical Techniques - Bi-Potentiostat Option
Amperometry
Constant potential amperometry on two channels
Data acquisition up to 20 Hz and high resolution 20-bit data
Cyclic Voltammetry
Scan potential on Channel 1 and hold potential on Channel 2
Scan both channels over the same potential range at the same scan rate
Chronoamperometry
Step Potential on channel 1 and hold potential on channel 2
Step both channels to the same potentials
Step time: 1 ms - 65 s
Resolution: > 50 µs
Chronoamperometry
Step Potential on channel 1 and hold potential on channel 2
Step both channels to the same potentials
Step time: 1 ms - 65 s
Resolution: > 50 µs
Sampled Current Polarography
Common technique for quantitative analysis
Easy to change step height, step width, and current sampling parameters
Step height: 1 - 40 mV
Normal Pulse Voltammetry/Polarography
Common technique for quantitative analysis
Easy to change pulse width, period (drop time), and current sampling parameters
Pulse width: 3 - 2000 ms
Differential Pulse Voltammetry/Polarography
Popular technique for quantitative analysis
Easy to change pulse width, period (drop time), and current sampling parameters
Pulse width: 3 - 1000 ms
Measurement of peak potential, current, and area with automatic or manual definition of baselines
Square Wave Voltammetry
Fastest of the common quantitative analysis techniques
Excellent detection limits
User-defined frequency, amplitude, and current sampling parameters
Square wave frequency: 1 - 2000 Hz
Measurement of peak potential, current, and area with automatic or manual definition of baselines
Stripping Voltammetric Techniques
Combination of deposition (preconcentration) step followed by voltammetric (stripping) step
Linear sweep, differential pulse, and square wave voltammetries available for stripping step
Technique of choice for determining trace concentrations (10-9 M - 10-11 M) or metal ions, anions, and adsorbates
Capable of anodic, cathodic, and adsorptive stripping determinations
Measurement of peak potential, current, and area with automatic or manual definition of baselines
Double Potential Step Chronopotentiometry
Minimum step time: 1 ms
Current range: +/- 32 mA
Resolution: > 20 µs
The BASi® C-3 Cell Stand is a general-purpose accessory for electroanalytical experiments. It firmly holds all the components of the electrochemical cell (vial, electrodes, top) and provides a convenient means of stirring and purging the analyte solution. All functions can be controlled manually or remotely by the epsilon EClipse electrochemical instrument. The package includes a glassy carbon and a platinum working electrode and all accessories needed to conduct basic electrochemistry experiments.
The cell can be enclosed in the included Faraday Cage to minimize electrical interference. A built-in gas control allows purging or blanketing of the sample prior to or during analysis. The magnetic stirrer allows controlled agitation of the sample for experiments requiring convective mass transport of analyte to the electrode surface (e.g., anodic stripping voltammetry). The cell arm with detachable cell top allows easy access to the electrodes for rinsing, cleaning, or replacement. The stir motor/cell vial base pivots for easy removal and replacement of the cell vial.
Mercury drop working electrodes are invaluable for certain applications due to their high overpotential for hydrogen ion reduction and the high reproducibility of the electrode surface.
Mercury drop electrodes are generated by the BASi® Controlled Growth Mercury Electrode (CGME) in three modes:
DME (Dropping Mercury Electrode) - mercury is allowed to flow freely from the reservoir down the capillary and so the growth of the mercury drop and its lifetime is controlled by gravity. (The optional 100 µm capillary is recommended for this mode.)
SMDE (Static Mercury Drop Electrode) - the drop size is determined by the length of time for which the fast-response capillary valve is opened, and the drop is dislodged by a drop knocker. The dispense/knock timing is microprocessor-controlled and is typically coordinated with the potential pulse or square-wave waveform. This mode can also used to generate the Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode required for stripping experiments.
The CGME mode is available only on the BASi 100B/W and the CV-50W, whereas the SMDE mode is available with any PC- or microprocessor-controlled potentiostat (including the EC epsilon EClipse). The dispense and knock functions can also be manually controlled, so a Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode can be generated manually (e.g., for stripping experiments using the CV-27).
A built-in gas control allows purging or blanketing of the sample prior to or during analysis, and there is a magnetic stirrer for experiments requiring convection, such as stripping voltammetry. The cell arm with detachable cell top allows easy access to the electrodes for rinsing and cleaning, and the cell top is also compatible with BASi® voltammetry working electrodes. The stir motor/cell vial base pivots for easy removal and replacement of the cell vial.
Please note that mercury is not included with the CGME due to shipping regulations. Please purchase triply- or quadruply-distilled mercury from a company that is licensed to ship mercury.
The BASi® RDE-2 is a rotator system for both fixed rotation rate and hydrodynamic modulation rotating disk electrochemical experiments. The short titanium shaft and 1/4" diameter electrode provide for an extremely low-inertia system capable of rotation rates from 50 to 10,000 RPM at better than 1% accuracy. The rotator unit is manually raised and lowered, and can be inverted for spin-coating. Rotation and built-in gas purging functions can be controlled remotely using a BASi® PC-controlled potentiostat, or manually.
The built-in gas control allows purging or blanketing of the sample prior to or during analysis. The cell arm with detachable cell top allows easy access to the electrodes for rinsing and cleaning, and the cell top is also compatible with BASi® voltammetry working electrodes. Electrodes are easily interchangeable, and the cell vial base pivots for easy removal and replacement of the cell vial.
Cyclic voltammetry can readily provide qualitative information about the stability of the oxidation states and the electron transfer kinetics of a redox system. However, quantitative studies using cyclic voltammetry (e.g., mechanistic investigations) are more difficult and typically require the use of simulation software. A number of methods have been developed for the simulation of cyclic voltammograms. Of these methods, the fast implicit finite difference method has been shown to be the most efficient, stable, and accurate, and this method is used for the DigiSim simulation software from BASi®.
DigiSim can be used to simulate any electrochemical mechanism that can be expressed in terms of single or multiple electron transfer reactions and first- and second-order homogenous reactions. In addition, DigiSim can generate dynamic concentration profiles and can fit simulated data to imported experimental data.
These disk electrodes are small and easy to use. All are manufactured in a solvent-resistant PCTFE plastic body (7.5 cm length x 6 mm OD) which is embedded with highly polished disks of various electrode materials (glassy carbon, gold, platinum, palladium, nickel, or silver). There is also an electrode body designed for use with carbon paste (also available from BASi) or new composite materials of your own design and an electrode body designed as a working electrode holder with an alligator clip. A brass rod (1/16”) mounted in the plastic body of the electrode is used to connect these electrodes to an appropriate instrument using either an alligator clip or a 0.060" gold-plated female connector (MF-2004). Each electrode comes with a silicon O-ring which fits snugly on the plastic body. By rolling the O-ring to different positions, you can change the depth of the electrode mounted in an electrochemical cell. Surfaces are polished to a mirror finish and easily maintained with the BASi® PK-4 polishing kit, which is sold separately.
In addition to the standard electrodes listed, we offer custom fabrication using this same basic design and other materials (aluminum, iridium, titanium, tantalum, etc.).
A bulk electrolysis experiment (controlled potential coulometry) requires large surface area working electrodes in order to increase the rate of electrolysis. BASi® offers two such electrodes, a reticulated vitreous carbon (RVC) electrode and a platinum gauze electrode.
The RVC electrode is the standard working electrode for the BASi® Bulk Electrolysis Cell. It is a cylinder 50 mm high, 40 mm diameter, and 5 mm thick (RVC surface area is 10.5 cm2/cm2). The platinum gauze electrode is a special order option, and can also be used with the Bulk Electrolysis Cell. It is a cylinder 50 mm high and 39 mm diameter with a 50 mm connecting wire. Note that the platinum gauze contains 5-10% of another material (Ruthenium or Iridium) for added strength.
Microelectrodes consist of small diameter metal wires or fibers (5-100 µm) sealed within tempered glass bodies. The flattened end of the microelectrode is polished to a mirror finish, which can be maintained using the polishing materials contained in the PK-4 Polishing Kit. The electrical connection is a 0.060" gold-plated pin. Dimensions of the electrode are approximately 7 cm long and 4 mm OD. Each microelectrode is visually inspected and electrochemically tested before shipping.
These compact, glass-bodied reference electrodes are available in two styles. The 7.5 cm long RE-5B reference electrode is used for electrochemistry experiments and is compatible with the C-3 Cell Stand, the CGME Controlled Growth Mercury Electrode Cell Stand, and the RDE-2 Rotating Disk Electrode Cell Stand. The RE-6 reference electrode (3 cm) is designed for use with the Electrochemical Flow Cell. All electrodes have a 6 mm OD glass body, and use a porous junction (frit) made from a ceramic material (RE-6) or CoralPor™ (RE-5B). (Note that, due to the high resistance of the ceramic frit, the RE-6 electrode is only recommended for aqueous electrolytes.)
Connection to the cell lead is via a gold-plated pin on the end of a flexible plastic-coated wire (RE-5B and RE-6) An O-ring is included with each electrode. Between uses, reference electrodes should be stored with junction tips in a MR-5275 vial filled with 3M NaCl.
A double junction reference electrode can be set up using an RE-5B reference electrode with the glass chamber MF-2030. This chamber also has a CoralPor™ frit, which must be maintained.
Platinum wire auxiliary electrodes (0.5 mm diameter) are available in a variety of lengths. The electrode of choice depends upon the type of BASi® cell (and the experiment), as listed below. Each platinum wire terminates in a gold-plated brass connector. Electrical connection to this pin can be made using either an alligator clip or a 0.040" gold-plated connector (MF-2000).
Conventionally, the electrochemical determination of hydrogen peroxide has been used to selectively measure acetylcholine, choline, glucose and lactate in diverse biological samples. The target analyte is separated using a microbore or cartridge chromatography column. The analyte then passes through an analyte-specific, oxidase enzyme bound to a post-column immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) that produces the H2O2 which is then detected downstream at the surface of a working electrode in the electrochemical detector's cell.
Platinum
Platinum electrodes are frequently utilized because they are more selective for H2O2 than standard glassy carbon electrodes. A glassy carbon electrode would have to operate at a much higher applied potential to detect peroxide and would also respond to all of the other electroactive components in the sample. However, platinum requires long equilibration times after cleaning or system changes.
A New Approach
The new wired enzyme electrode (WENZ) offers several advantages vs. the platinum electrode. It exhibits improved sensitivity, better detection limits and improved operational stability. Initial stabilization of the background current is significantly faster than for a conventional platinum electrode. A redox polymer film containing horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is coated on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode. The redox polymer electrically "wires" the peroxidase enzyme to the electrode. It operates at a lower applied potential than a platinum electrode (+ 100 mV vs. Ag/AgCl) and electrochemically reduces hydrogen peroxide generated by a post-column IMER. This enhanced sensitivity is demonstrated in the chromatograms below.
The electron transfer kinetics, and hence the current response, of redox-active species can be dramatically affected by the condition of the surface of the working electrode. Pretreatment of the electrode surface may therefore be necessary in order to obtain reproducible results.
If rinsing the electrode surface with water and/or methanol is insufficient to remove adsorbed species and restore the working electrode to prime condition, then hand polishing may be required using the PK-4 polishing kit. The polish suspensions are applied to fabric pads attached to glass plates. The progression of polishing should always proceed from coarse to fine materials, with thorough rinsing and a change of pads between each step.
This cell is designed for the complete electrolysis of a solution species. Typical uses include determination of the number of electrons transferred per molecule, the absolute amount of an analyte, or electrosynthesis of a small amount (typically milligram quantities) of a new material. Components of the complete package are shown in the figure below.
Spectroelectrochemistry couples the ability of an electrochemical experiment to change the oxidation state of a solution species with the structural and quantitative capabilities of spectroscopy. This cell is the combination of a thin-layer electrochemical vessel and a quartz cuvette (two path lengths are available, 1 mm and 0.5 mm) designed to be used in a standard UV-VIS spectrometer.
Glass Cell Vials
C3, CGME, RDE-2 Cell Vials
Bulk Electrolysis Cell Vials
VC-2 and MCA Cell Vial
Teflon Cell Vial
C3, CGME, RDE-2 Cell Vial
The VC-2 Voltammetry Cell assembly (MF-1052) can be used to hold the test sample and BASi® electrodes when a C-3 Cell Stand is not available. The Teflon® top includes a platinum wire auxiliary electrode with gold connecting pin. This electrode can be removed and replaced if it becomes worn. BASi® reference and working electrodes, which must be ordered separately, fit into holes in the top. Both these electrodes are positioned in the vial by use of the O-rings which accompany them. The vial can hold 10-20 mL of sample solution. Teflon tubing for a gas purge/blanket line is also provided.
If you are sample-limited, a special MicroVolume Voltammetry Cell (MF-1065) is available for sample volumes as small as 50 µL. The VC-2 cell shown is modified to include a glass vessel with a salt bridge, in the position normally occupied by the voltammetry working electrode. The small volume sample is placed in this glass vessel and a small (MCPE) carbon paste working electrode is lowered into the vessel. The vessel is then placed in a larger vial, together with the reference and auxiliary electrodes. The package includes the carbon paste electrode, carbon paste, the reference and auxiliary electrodes, as well as both glass vessels.
Most common cells for electrochemical analysis require sample volumes of 5-10 mL, but when rare or expensive materials are studied, a lower volume is desirable. A low-volume sample cell is available as an option for the C-3 Cell Stand.* It holds a minimum cell volume of 200 µL. The sample tube accommodates standard BASi® voltammetry electrodes. It also allows a 1/16" Teflon tube to be inserted adjacent to the working electrode so that nitrogen can be blanketed over the sample to exclude oxygen. The normal C-3 auxiliary electrode may be placed in the supporting electrolyte via the cell plug port. This will suffice when the solution is very conductive and the generated current is low. The porous CoralPorTM frit at the end of the sample chamber may introduce significant iR drop, particularly with organic solvents or high current. In these instances, we recommend that the auxiliary electrode be placed within the working electrode compartment as shown.
The porous CoralPorTM frit in the sample compartment is shipped dry and must be soaked in the supporting electrolyte solution for at least one hour prior to use. This procedure will ensure that the frit is fully wetted and has low resistance. The frit cannot be allowed to dry out once wetted. It should be stored in supporting electrolyte solution between experiments. If it does dry, it can be replaced (MF-2064).
*Use this cell only with a C-3 Cell Stand. The cell arm of the C-3 is required to secure this cell top.
Most common cells for electrochemical analysis require sample volumes of 5-10 mL. When rare or expensive materials are studied, a lower volume is desirable. A low-volume sample cell is available as an option for the C-2 Cell Stand.* It holds a minimum cell volume of 200 µL. The sample tube accommodates standard BASi® voltammetry electrodes. It also allows a 1/16" Teflon tube to be inserted adjacent to the working electrode so that nitrogen can be blanketed over the sample to exclude oxygen. The normal C-2 auxiliary electrode may be placed in the supporting electrolyte via the cell plug port. This will suffice when the solution is very conductive and the generated current is low. The porous CoralPor(TM) frit at the end of the sample chamber may introduce significant iR drop, particularly with organic solvents or high current. In these instances, we recommend that the auxiliary electrode be placed within the working electrode compartment as shown.
The porous CoralPor(TM) frit in the sample compartment is shipped dry and must be soaked in the supporting electrolyte solution for at least one hour prior to use. This procedure will ensure that the frit is fully wetted and has low resistance. The frit cannot be allowed to dry out once wetted. It should be stored in supporting electrolyte solution between experiments. If it does dry, it can be replaced (p/n MF-2064).
The C2 Low Volume Cell Kit includes: cell vial, cell top, sample chamber and o-ring, reference electrode, auxiliary electrode, port plug, teflon gas line, and replacement CoralPor(TM) frits.
*Use this cell only with a C-2 Cell Stand. The cell arm of the C-2 is required to secure this cell top.
ER-9515
C-2 and C-3 Cell Stand Control cable: 5 ft. ribbon, 25 pin female-25 pin male
ER-9517
CGME Control: 5 ft. ribbon, 25 pin female-25 pin male
EW-8109
Cell Lead - W2
EW-8099
Cell Lead: 4 ft., Lemo-alligator clips
EW-1111
Cell lead - 4 channel
EW-7524
Analog Cable (LCM-1, PWR-3, RDE-1, RDE-2): 4 ft., Lemo-Lemo
EW-7547
RDE-2 Purge and Rotate cable: 4 ft., 25 pin female-3 bare wires
ER-9514
USB Cable, 10'
ER-9525
PC: 10 ft., 9 pin female-25 pin male serial cable (replaces ER-9508)
ER-9515
C-2 and C-3 Cell Stand Control cable: 5 ft. ribbon, 25 pin female-25 pin male
ER-9517
CGME or PARC 303/303A Control cable: 5 ft. ribbon, 25 pin female-25 pin male
EW-8099
Cell Lead: 4 ft., Lemo-alligator clips
EW-7524
Analog Cable (LCM-1, PWR-3, RDE-1, RDE-2, AC Impedance): 4 ft., Lemo-Lemo
EW-7526
Control Cable (LCM-1, PWR-3, RDE-1, RDE-2, AC Impedance): 4 ft. ribbon, 37 pin female-37 pin female
EW-7547
RDE-2 Purge and Rotate cable: 4 ft., 25 pin female-3 bare wires
VT-9505
USB to Serial Adapter
EW-8099
CV-27 Cell Lead: 4 ft., Lemo-alligator clips
EW-8098
CV-37 Cell Lead (w/shielded Working): 4 ft., Lemo-alligator clips
EW-8110
Recorder Lead: 4 ft., (order 2 for X-Y recorder)
EW-7524
Analog Cable (LCM-1, PWR-3, RDE-1, RDE-2, CGME): 4 ft., Lemo-Lemo
EW-8097
Remote Cable: 4 ft., 15 pin male-bare wire
EW-8110
Recorder Lead: 4 ft., (order 2 for X-Y recorder)
EW-7524
Analog Cable (all BASi® potentiostats): 4 ft., Lemo-Lemo
EW-7526
Control Cable BASi 100 series only): 4 ft. ribbon, 37 pin female-37 pin female
EW-7522
PA-1 to I/E Transducer Cable: 3 ft. 15 pin female-15 pin male
EW-7524
Analog Cable (all BASi® potentiostats): 4 ft., Lemo-Lemo
EW-7526
Control Cable BASi 100 series only): 4 ft. ribbon, 37 pin female-37 pin female
EW-7524
Analog Cable (all BASi® potentiostats): 4 ft., Lemo-Lemo
EW-7526
Control Cable BASi 100 series only): 4 ft. ribbon, 37 pin female-37 pin female
EW-7530
RDE-1 Auxiliary/Reference Electrodes Lead
EW-7547
RDE-2 Purge and Rotate cable: 4 ft., 25 pin female-3 bare wires
EW-8125
LC-4C single channel cell lead
EW-8114
LC-4C dual channel cell lead
EW-8112
LC-4B single channel cell lead (early LC-4B detectors only)
EW-8099
LC-3E Cell Lead
EW-8112
LC-3C/D Cell Lead
EW-8110
Recorder Lead
ER-8498
Power Cord, UK
ER-8499
Power Cord, Continental Europe (except Italy and Denmark)
ER-8502
Power Cord, USA, 7 ft.
MF-1998
Cell lead clips for C-2 and C-3 Cell Stands (3 color-coded mini-alligator clips with male pin)
MF-1999
3 color-coded mini-alligator clips
MF-2027
Teflon heat shrink tubing (clear, 4 mm diameter, 30 cm)
ER-6260
LEMO connector - male
ER-6261
LEMO connector - female
MF-2000
0.040" female cell connector, gold-plated brass, 12/pkg (for auxiliary electrode cell lead connectors)
MF-2002
0.040" male cell connector, gold-plated brass,12/pkg (for flow cell working electrodes)
MF-2004
0.060" female cell connector, gold-plated brass, 12/pkg (for reference electrode and voltammetry working electrode cell lead connectors)
MF-2026
0.060" male cell connector, gold-plated brass,12/pkg
Historically, most information about the distribution and concentration of endogenous and exogenous compounds has been based on blood sampling or homogenized tissue. In the case of endogenous compounds, sampling plasma or homogenized tissue only provides data on concentrations and provides little or no insight into the physiology of temporal release patterns or release stimuli. While blood sampling can provide multiple serial samples from a single animal, it sums analyte concentrations from all tissues and offers no anatomical specificity. While sampling tissue does provide anatomical specificity, it usually permits only one sample per tissue/animal and thus can dramatically increase the number of animals required in a study.
In Vivo Microdialysis and Ultrafiltration Sampling address these limitations and are two of the very few sampling techniques that allows for direct sampling in the interstitial fluid, allowing investigators to measure free analyte concentrations along with temporal and spatial release and concentration patterns. While both are semi-permeable membrane based sampling techniques, the applications and features of these two techniques differ.
The œBR style microdialysis probe is BASi™s most popular style brain microdialysis probe. This concentric microdialysis probe is stocked in two different membrane lengths, 2 mm and 4 mm. The cannula length is optimized to reach anywhere in the rat brain. Custom membrane and cannula lengths are available. If you are working with mice, see the MBR style microdialysis probes.
The “IBR” style microdialysis probe facilitates infusing a treatment directly to the area being dialyzed. Unlike when administering a treatment systemically or via retrodialysis through a microdialysis probe membrane, when this probe is used, you can both target your treatment with anatomical specificity and know exactly how much drug you have administered. This can also address solubility or molecular weight issues of retrodialysis. The infusate exits the infusion cannula at the distal tip of the microdialysis membrane just outside the membrane lumen.
These guide cannulae fit BASi™s most popular œBR style brain microdialysis probes. There are two version of this guide; they differ in how they secure the probe or stylete in the guide. One uses a rubber O-ring that lightly snaps into the notch in the probe or stylete head when inserted. Removal is equally simple. The other uses an Ω (Omega) ring that can be turned to open the ring™s œwindow to allow insertion of a probe or stylete. When the omega ring is turned further, closing the window, the probe/stylete is locked securely in place. Removal is equally simple. If you are working with mice, see the MBR style guides.
The œMBR style microdialysis probe is primarily intended for use for mouse brain microdialysis or adjacent multiple rat brain implants. It can be used for other applications also. MBR probes are available with two different cannula lengths, each of which has two different membrane lengths. The cannula lengths are optimized to reach anywhere in the mouse or rat brain. Custom membrane and cannula lengths are available.
These guide cannulae fit BASi™s œMBR style brain microdialysis probes. There are two version of this guide; they differ in the length of the cannula. The MBR style guide cannula is primarily intended for use in mouse brain microdialysis or dorsal or adjacent multiple rat brain implants. It can be used for other applications also.
The cannula lengths are optimized to reach anywhere in the mouse or rat brain. Custom cannula lengths are available.
This is an infusion cannula. The 1 or 2 mm length refers to the tiny tubing at the tip that actually delivers the infusate.
The œLM style Linear Microdialysis Probe is intended for microdialysis of soft tissues such as dermis, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, adipose, peritoneal organs, and other tissues.
The LM probe offer a small profile (320 µm OD) and consists of a short length of hollow dialysis fiber attached to smaller diameter flexible medical grade plastic inlet and outlet tubes. The microdialysis membrane is the larger diameter and so is directly in contact with the tissue. Via an internal fiber that strengthens the probe and extends beyond the probe tubing, the probe can be œthreaded into the tissue. A plug seals the end of the probe from which the fiber skeleton extends. This plug keeps body fluids from entering the probe during surgery and is cut off before the probe is connected to a syringe pump and perfused.
Linear microdialysis probes are available with either 5 mm or 10 mm active lengths of dialysis membrane. Custom probes with other membrane lengths are also available. œDL probes may be a stock alternative to LM custom probes.
“DL” Dialysis Loop probes have been designed for both in vivo studies (subcutaneous tissue, peritoneal cavity, etc.) in experimental animals and in vitro studies in aqueous solutions (tissue homogenates, cell suspensions, plasma, biological fluids). Although the profile of a DL microdialysis probe is thicker than the “LM” Linear Microdialysis Probe, it is a stronger probe with more reinforcement at the membrane/tubing joint. DL microdialysis probes also offer a longer membrane lengths than LM probes.
The DL microdialysis probe is also a good choice for many in vitro applications, teaching, and first-time users. While the DL probe is referred to as a microdialysis loop probe, as shown in the figure above, the DL probe may be used as a linear probe (A), or folded in half to form a microdialysis loop (B). A small slice of plastic tubing can be used to secure the loop (C) with the glue joints staggered to minimize the thickness of the looped probe.
No study of pharmacokinetics, drug delivery, metabolism, or toxicity is complete without a determination of the drug concentration in blood. The Culex® Automated Blood Sampler is the ideal way to serially sample blood from species ranging from mice to pigs. However, if your needs are less frequent or less rigorous, the BASi® IV microdialysis probe is a comparatively simple way to look at microdialysis based relative changes in blood analyte concentrations.
IV Vascular Microdialysis Probes were designed for implantation into a rat size jugular vein. They are also suitable for other soft tissues. Each microdialysis probe includes an implantation needle and temporary cannula (split introducer) which aid placement. As illustrated in the drawing above, the thin-walled, plastic introducer slides over the implantation needle, this is then used to pierce the vein. The needle is removed and replaced with an IV probe. Flexible wire mesh on the probe is sutured to the pectoral muscle. The cannula is then split and pulled out of the vein, leaving the microdialysis probe inserted. Inlet and outlet lines to the probe are housed within a single piece of flexible tubing, which is externalized by use of a tubing introducer trocar (MR-5313). The small OD of the flexible probe is less likely to occlude the blood vessel.
IV microdialysis probes are suitable for use in freely moving animals.
Compared to a BASi Culex ® Automated Sampler configured for bile sampling, the SM Bile Shunt Probe is the next best way to sample from bile. Like Culex® bile sampling, the bile sampling shunt probe does not deplete the animal’s bile. In this case, the bile continues to circulate. This is via a shunt that diverts the bile past a linear microdialysis probe and then back into the bile duct. This approach maintains bile flow during microdialysis sampling and conserves bile salts. Drugs excreted in bile may be further metabolized in the gut and bile salts are recycled there. Brain and vascular microdialysis can be performed at the same time. An ever better option for sampling metabolites in bile is to use the BASi Culex ® and EMPIS® to perform simultaneous blood and bile sampling and use a metabolic cage to collect urine and feces. This provides you with a full metabolic profile. In contrast, the traditional way of sampling bile is via a continuous flow open cannula, which can deplete bile salts and fluids, potentially to the detriment of both the animal and the soundness of your data.
The Shunt probe can also be used when the material being dialyzed is a flowing liquid that can be diverted through a shunt microdialysis probe.
BASi Syringe Pumps offer excellent performance, flexibility and price.
BASi Syringe Pumps are modular systems that consist of a syringe drive and a drive controller
Compact syringe pump drive (3 X 23 cm). Ideal for limited space applications.
Reliably delivers flow rates ranging from 0.001 to 500 µL/min utilizing 10 µL to 5.0 mL syringes (Gastight Syringes recommended)
A stepper motor and precise lead screw provide smooth, constant flow from start to finish
Automatic shut-off feature protects both the drive mechanism and syringes
Can hold up to three syringes when used with the optional bracket (MD-1002)
The syringe pump drive is separate from the controller to provide flexibility. Controller choices include a single connection to the Worker Controller or the Hive Controller which controls up to four syringe pump drives.
When used with the Hive controller, the syringe drive can be positioned up to 10' (3.0 meters) from the Controller
If desired, the syringe pump drive may be mounted on a variety of surfaces via the magnetic base or keyhole slot on the bottom.
BASi syringe pumps are modular systems that consist of a syringe pump drive and a drive controller. Two controller configurations are available for use with BASi Syringe Pump Drives: the Worker and the Hive. The Worker Controller offers easy set-up and great mobility. The Hive Controller provides the capability to independently control up to four syringe pumps from one Controller. This makes it not only flexible and powerful, but also very cost-effective. Syringe drives purchased separately.
The Worker Controller
The compact Worker Controller connects to a single Syringe Pump Drive by a cable and offers switch-selectable flow rates ranging from 0.1 µL/min to 100 µL/min (based on a one mL syringe)
16-step speed selection includes settings of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 8, 10, 20, 50 and 100 µL/min (based on a one mL syringe)
Flow rates calibrated to 60 mm calibration length syringes, but alternative syringes can be easily substituted
Ideal for labs needing an easy-to-use one syringe (or three syringe (see MD-1002)) pump
BASi syringe pumps are modular systems that consist of a syringe pump drive and a drive controller. Two controller configurations are available for use with BASi Syringe Pump Drives: the Worker and the Hive. The Worker Controller offers easy set-up and great mobility. The Hive Controller provides the capability to independently control up to four syringe pumps from one Controller. This makes it not only flexible and powerful, but also very cost-effective. Syringe drives purchased separately.
The Hive Controller
Equivalent to four Worker Controllers in a single component
Control up to four BASi Syringe Pump Drives at independent and discretely variable flow rates
Packaged with 4 connecting cables of varying lengths to promote flexibility (3ft, 6ft, 8ft, and 10ft
Utilizing 10’ (3 meter) cables, the syringe pump drive can be positioned up to that far from the Controller
Maintain a constant flow rate with no disruption during your long term experiments. The Liquid Switch makes it easy to quickly toggle from one syringe to the next without introducing air bubbles or affecting flow of perfusion fluid.
Change a syringe during microdialysis or other perfusion experiments without breaking connections, interrupting flow, or introducing air bubbles into the system (bubbles can lodge in the membrane and impede analyte recovery)
Connect up to three independent syringes to one liquid switch
The three position switch is easy to align to the syringe of your choice
Easy to identify switch position detent
Applications
Perfuse with one solution and change to another solution without stopping flow.
Extend perfusion beyond the limit imposed by the syringe volume. Begin perfusion in one syringe and switch over to another as the first syringe empties (requires independent pumps at same flow, i.e. the BASi Bee with Hive).
Perfuse with smaller, more accurate syringe then switch to larger volume syringe to flush system.
Our accurate and reliable gas-tight syringes are available in a variety of sizes with affordable pricing. Choose the syringe to fit your needs, and be confident that it will keep your studies running smoothly.
Tempered glass body with 60 mm calibration length
Choice of 500 µL, 1.0 mL, 2.5 mL or a set of all three sizes
Stainless steel plunger with Teflon seal
Blunt-tipped 23 Gauge needle
Patented triple seal on the plunger gives superior leak protection and longevity
Superior Teflon seal on needle for better leak protection
All stainless steel parts are chemically passivated
±1% accuracy and repeatability
Available replacement parts include replacement needle and seal, as well as replacement plungers.
Note: The accuracy of delivery over a given time period depends heavily on the syringe size. For microdialysis, always use the smallest possible syringe. This choice must be balanced against the total time planned for the experiment and the desired flow rate. A 500 µL syringe provides better accuracy than a 2.5 mL syringe at any given flow rate. Try to keep a variety of syringes on hand and use the smallest size possible. Using the BASi UniSwitch can extend the duration of a perfusion indefinitely.
We offer two tubing options to suit your needs. Each tubing type combines minimal dead volume, maximum applicability, and plenty of flexibility for your experimental set-up.
FEP Teflon Microdialysis Tubing
Connect all components of the microdialysis set up
Swept Volume of 1.2 µL/10 cm
Clear tubing makes it easy to observe flow during priming
Flexible, yet strong tubing is easy to handle
Sold in standard 1m lengths, or in customized lengths by the foot
PEEK Microdialysis Tubing
Connect all components of the microdialysis set up
Swept Volume of 1.2 µL/10 cm
Color-coded tubing available in Blue, Red and Tan
Low oxygen permeability
Opaque tubing is ideal for light sensitive compounds
Sold in standard 1m lengths, or in customized lengths by the foot
Microdialysis Tubing Connectors
Splice a variety of materials together with our easy to use Flanged Tubing Connectors.
Connect tubing with probes, syringes, swivels or connectors
Each package contains 20 connectors
Connect a variety of materials ranging from 0.6 to 0.8mm OD
Eliminate dead space between connections, reducing dead volume
Soak connectors in 70% ethanol prior to use.
Connectors easily slide on, and then shrink as the alcohol evaporates.
ProClin™150 solution can help to effectively control microorganisms in your dialysis set up.
Broad-spectrum microbicides inhibits microbe growth and causes cell death
Especially useful for experiments involving ACh, amino acids, glucose, lactate, or pyruvate
Note: When using a liquid swivel system, do NOT use a syringe to manually fill the tubing and/or liquid swivel with the ProClin™ is a registered trademark of the Dow Checmial Company or a Dow affiliate. To avoid damage, use a syringe pump to flush the tubing and swivel with the ProClin™ is a registered trademark of the Dow Chmical Company or Dow affilliate at normal microdialysis flow rates, or aspirate the ProClin™ solution through the system via suction from a syringe. Always flush several volumes of water or perfusate though the system before reusing tubing or swivels flushed with ProClin™150.
The Calibration Station facilitates preparation and in vitro calibration / microdialysis of up to two BR or MBR probes. Look to the Calibration Station for easy probe wetting and set-up of your In Vitro Experiment.
Use for initial microdialysis probe wetting and in vitro recovery determinations
Probe clamps can also be used on the stereotaxic frame for stereotaxic implantation (MD-1521 probe clamp rod also needed)
Standard plastic vials fit into holes on top of the Station.
Vial contents are visible from the front of the station.
Stainless steel pins position the probe clamps so that probes are centered and cannot touch the sides of the vial.
The “Transit” position hole on the Station holds either a wetted BR or MBR probe just prior to insertion into the animal.
The Calibration Station can also be used to store probes between uses. Storing the probes in ProClin™150 Preservative can minimize potential bacterial contamination during storage.
If you are switching probes, the clamps fit on a CMA/130.
Perfect for Microdialysis sampling! Save time and reduce headaches when you go automated with the BASi® Refrigerated Fraction Collector. This multifunction, easy-to-use equipment will help make your lab more efficient.
Reproducibly collect 5 to 200µL samples (to collect up to 1.5 mLs, see the BASi® Large Volume Refrigerated Fraction Collector).
Toggleable refrigeration chills up to 48 fractions at 4°C
Simple method setup via front panel keypad and LCD.
Determine collection interval, number of samples, cooling on/off, and optional start delay time.
Collect fractions from up to two sources (with addition of optional second needle)
Passivated collection needle(s)
Borosolicate glass (6X32mm) or plastic vials (6X35mm) with or without caps collect sample volumes from 5 to 250µL
Collects samples into open or capped resealing vials (use MF-5272 crimp caps below)
Open architecture allows removal or replacement of vials during operation
Entire carousel is removed easily for transfer of vials to storage or another process
Vials can quickly be labeled with the optional CHADs for Vials™ Labeling System
The Large Volume Refrigerated Fraction Collector (LVFC) collects up to 1.5 mL volume samples in microcentrifuge and other style vials. In contrast, the microdialysis oriented Microvolume Fraction Collector collects a maximum volume of 250 µL.
This multifunction, easy-to-use equipment will help make your lab more efficient.
Collects samples from 50µL to 1.5mL
Toggleable refrigeration chills up to 26 samples at 4°C
Simple method setup via front panel keypad and LCD. Determine collection interval, number of samples, cooling on/off, and optional start delay time.
Several vial types available
Open architecture allows removal or replacement of vials during operation
Entire carousel is removed easily for transfer of vials to storage or another process
Vials can quickly be labeled with the optional "Chads" Collection Vial Labeling System
Unlike BASi™s microvolume fraction collector which can collect into two separate vials each from a different source, the LVFC collects into a single vial.
An optional concentric dual cannula needle can be used to add reagents into the vial or to divert user anticipated vial overflow. (Note that the larger OD concentric cannula is 1 (2.54 cm) shorter than the other needle, and so it actually delivers/fills 1 above the tip of the other needle via the gap between the two concentric cannulae).
Whether you are looking for glass or plastic vials, plain caps or septa caps, BASi has got you covered. And with our CHADs for Vials™ labeling system, we’ll also help you get their number!
We offer vials for use in our Microvolume Fraction Collector and for the “Large” Volume Fraction Collector (LVFC). See the appropriate sections below.
Glass Vials 300µL
Cylindrical with round bottom. 6 X 32mm
Non-reactive borosilicate glass
Can be used with either plastic or resealing septa caps
Can be frozen at -70°C
Optionally with dried heparin for plasma collection
Plastic Vials 250µL
Conical. 6 X 35mm
Inert polyethylene plastic
Can be frozen at -70°C
Can be used with either plastic or resealing septa caps
Plastic caps
Easy to place, easy to remove (with optional CX-5060 Cap Removal Tool)
Inexpensive way to protect samples from evaporative loss and contamination
Optional plastic cap remover makes removal even easier
Be advised that although snap-on caps are more convenient, they may put more wear and stress on a fraction collector needle
Resealing PTFE/silicone seal caps
Resealing septa caps provide ultimate protection against evaporative loss
Septa reseals after puncture with fraction collector needle
Requires Crimper Tool for proper placement on vials
Microcentrifuge Vials 1.5 mL
Conical
Inert polyethylene plastic
When used with or without their optional caps (MF-5264), can be used with BASi’s Large Volume Fraction Collector
Caps are not pre-attached (must be purchased separately)
Can be frozen at -70°C
Microcentrifuge Vial Caps
Inexpensive way to protect samples from evaporative loss and contamination
Safe to use with BASi’s Large Volume Fraction Collector
Press into place
Resealing 1 mL vials
Inert polyethylene plastic
“Duckbill” style resealing cap
Cylindrical with round bottom
Can be frozen at -70°C
Spare carousel for 6 x 32 mm glass sample vials, 48 vial positions
Spare carousel for 6 x 35 mm plastic vials, 48 vial positions
Spare carousel for using 6 X 32 mm glass sample vials in BASi Large Volume Fraction Collector, 26 vial positions
Spare carousel for 1-1.5 mL vials in BASi Large Volume Fraction Collector, 26 vial positions
A time-saving, easy to use, labeling system for your vials. BASi® offers the CHADs for Vials™ labeling system to help your lab run smoothly and to help ensure reliable sample identification.
Quick sequential numbering of your vials. Individually or en-masse.
Simple to apply via the Chad œRack
These legibly pre-numbered œChads are available in multiple colors with sequential numbers to distinguish study groups
Waterproof and solvent resistant labels are easily identifiable in the vivarium, the freezer, or the analytical lab
Friction based attachment doesn't rely on messy glue
Reduce technician time and save moneyCan be used to label a multitude of vials or cylinders sized from (~ 5.2 to 6.0 mm OD) or (~ 9.5 to 10.8 mm OD).
When sampling from awake, freely moving animals, one must ensure the animals don’t hurt themselves or damage your sampling lines. BASi® offers two technologies to achieve this; the Raturn interactive caging system, and liquid swivels. The Raturn System is based on technology developed by BASi®. However, as a company that prides itself on satisfying our customers, we want to be sure to offer you the options you desire. Depending on your anticipated experimental goals, you may find it more useful to use one type of system over the other. The guide below is intended to help you select the system that best meets your needs.
Swivel systems have been successfully used for years by researchers in pharma, universities, and CROs.
Swivels function by using concentric channels for each line that goes into or out of the subject. With each channel that is added to the swivel, the dead volume and the resistance to being turned by the animal increases.
Swivels contain internal seals which maintain the connection from the top of the swivel to the bottom (these seals require maintenance after each use of the swivel).
When using a swivel system, it is the swivel itself that turns to prevent twisting of the inlet and outlet lines.
A liquid swivel is satisfactory if:
You intend to use the system ONLY for a single type of sampling at one time (microdialysis or ultrafiltration or blood sampling)
There will only be one or two lines plumbed to/from the animal
The ability to upgrade, or add capability to your existing equipment is not important to you
You do not wish to use electrical lead lines
You are not interested in collecting automated animal activity data
You would like to be able to use a home-cage in your experimental set-up. (Note: If your animal has a brain microdialysis probe or a guide cannula, we do not recommend sampling in a home cage with a descending cage lid.)
Unlike the swivel, the Raturn is a movement responsive caging system. Rather than the swivel turning, the cage itself interactively responds to animal movement to keep tubing and/or wires from twisting. The Raturn does not cause, or force, the animal to move.
Has been on the market since 1996 and is being used by thousands of pharma, universities and CROs around the world.
The tethered subject has 280° of rotation before he activates the optical sensor, which causes the cage to gently counter-rotate.
This system allows for contiguous connections to the animal, thus minimizing connections, potential leak points, dead volume and expanding the potential sampling options for your experiments.
Individually or collectively, contiguous tubing, wires, and other lines can be run to the animal.
A Raturn System is ideal if:
You want to sample from two or more microdialysis probes.
You would like to plumb multiple dosing and sampling lines.
You would like to utilize electrical lead lines and fluid lines in an experiment (e.g. simultaneous microdialysis and EEG recordings); maximum collective diameter of all lines must be less than ¼” (6.35 mm).
You might want to add automated blood sampling in future experiments.
You do not want to worry about cleaning swivels, or swivel leakage/malfunction.
You might like to simultaneously collect behavioral data (left and right rotation + rearing) to correlate behavior with your treatment via the Raturn Activity Monitor.
The BASi® Raturn system utilizes a unique movement-responsive action to prevent the tangling of inlet and outlet lines. The unique Raturn approach typically allows running contiguous lines to your animal. See how the Raturn differs from a liquid swivel.
Maintain the integrity of catheters, infusion lines, (liquid lines), cables (electrical wires), optical fibers and other connections between an animal and devices external to the cage.
A counter-balanced arm and tethering system keeps experiment lines out of the animal™s reach, while permitting the animal to move at will.
The tethered subject has 280° of rotation before he activates the optical sensor, which causes the cage to gently counter-rotate.
Raturn Sampling Caging Systems are being successfully used at thousands of university labs, pharmas and CROs.
Choose the configuration that best meets your needs. A Stand-Alone Raturn System can sit on a desk or countertop. The Rodent Workstation is a wheeled space-efficient unit designed to accommodate up to 4 Raturns at one time.
While sampling, use the Raturn Activity Monitor to collect rearing and left & right rotational behavior from up to 4 Raturns at once.
Stand-Alone Raturn systems come in two configurations to suit your study design.
Raturn Microdialysis Stand-Alone System MD-1404 (rats), MD-1409 (mice)
Quiet animal movement responsive caging system.
The Raturn does not cause, or force, the animal to move.
Permits continuous connection to the subject, reducing dead volume and increasing the number of connections that can be made.
Includes Raturn Controller, Stainless Steel Platform with Support Stand, Motor, Balance Arm and Tether Assembly, Replacement O-rings, and Rat Collars.
Raturn caging ordered separately. Works best with Bowl Cage, Bowl Cage Kit, Stackable Cage, or Stackable Cage Kit. Compare caging options.
With the addition of a Mouse Tether (MD-1460R) can be used for either species.
Raturn Metabolic Stand Alone System MD-1407
Permits simultaneous collection of urine and feces while on the Raturn System.
Small footprint saves bench space.
Includes Raturn Controller, Stainless Steel Raised Platform with Support Stand and Funnel Holder, Motor, Balance Arm and Tether Assembly, Replacement O-rings, and Rat Collars.
Does not include caging. Works best with Universal Cage (CX-1310) or the Metabolic Mouse Cage Kit (MD-1700). Compare caging options.
Capture behavioral data with the Raturn Animal Activity Monitor. The BASi® Animal Activity Monitor collects information on animal movement when an animal is tethered in a Raturn Sampling Caging System. The monitor records frequency and duration of clockwise, counterclockwise, and rearing activity. This can help identify whether your treatment has psychomotor effects.
Note: Activity data was, however temperature data above was not, captured by the Raturn Animal Activity Monitor. Data was graphed by spreadsheet.
Liquid swivels provide a simplistic approach to awake animal infusion and sampling. If you desire more flexibility in your experimental design options, or would like to monitor animal behavior while sampling, then find out more about the Raturn® Sampling Caging system.View a comparison of Liquid Swivels and the Raturn.
The BASi® swivel based system comes in two configurations.
A basic MD-XXXX configuration in which the balance arm and tether is mounted to the cage wall and the cage is placed directly on a lab bench.
The MD-1570 configuration includes a cage holder and a mount for the balance arm/tether. This allows the cage to be easily removed without affecting other components (balance arm/tether/tubings, etc.)
It also eliminates the chances of the cage being displaced during the study.
The MD-1570 BASi® swivel based system includes the base, cage, dual channel swivel, balanced arm, vials and tubing.
Create swivel connections with almost any pump, tubing, or collector.
Tether includes two holders to hold vials in place while collecting samples
Uses MD-1570 Teflon Swivel System
Swept volumes of 4.5 µL and ~ 1.5 µL for the swivel side and center channels respectively.
Recommended swivel for retrodialysis studies
Universal Cage for Microdialysis and associated techniques (Rats, Mice or similar sized Rodents)
The Universal Cage is cage wash compatible
Hairpin clips and the mesh floor for this configuration are hand wash only
Compatible with All BASi's Raturn® Systems
This precision, yet cost-effective stereotaxic frame from ASI Instruments offers you the precision you demand at the price you want.
Surpasses the competition with 50 micron calibrated readability standard ( i.e. higher resolution for both rat and mouse stereotaxis)
Easy to read calibrated knobs on all three axes
Innovative tilt-and-swivel mechanism, with hard stops at 0 degrees tilt and swivel
Open “C” frame provides access from all sides of the instrument
Full micrometer style (vs. competitor’s vernier style) control over anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral, lateral-medial axes
3 mm movement per knob revolution
Optional high resolution 10 micron readability (1mm/revolution) lead screw available (call for pricing and part number)
Engraved scales on all three axes
Tilt-and-swivel manipulator with 90° tilt and 360° swivel facilitates non-perpendicular implants
Dupont™ Corion® scratch and stain resistant, thermal and electrical insulating base
80 mm travel on all axes
Two stainless steel ear bars with 35 mm of calibration. 18 degree tip.
Includes rat incisor adapter with 30 mm of calibration
Optional mouse incisor adapter available (call for pricing and part number)
Includes EH-100 electrode holder
Compatible with BASi® probe & guide holders (and MD-1521 rod)
Compatible with other manufactures animal adaptors and electrode holders
Optional syringe and pipette holders available (call for pricing and part number)
Optional dual micromanipulator model available (call for pricing and part number)
When you choose to use BASi® quality probes for brain microdialysis, you will need a probe clamp and clamp rod for your stereotaxic frame. The clamp rod readily attaches to a Kopf, Stoelting, or ASI stereotaxic frame. Both types of Probe Clamps utilize the Clamp Rod. If you have the BASi® Calibration Station for probe wetting and in vitro recoveries, you already have two clamps. If you are switching probes, these clamps fit on a CMA/130.
The brain microdialysis probe clamp grips the guide cannula when stereotaxically implanting an intracerebral (IC) guide cannula. The clamp also holds a microdialaysis probe in the same manner during microdialysis studies in anesthetized animals.
The Surgical Drill is a precision instrument that accepts a multitude of drill bits with standard dental burr shanks. The control box is easy to read and the lightweight, balanced hand-piece is easy to control.
Precision instrument for drilling holes in bone
Accessory for stereotaxic surgery
Smooth and quiet operation with variable speed selection
Hands-free on/off control with foot pedal
Straight hand-piece design, lightweight and balanced
Accepts 2.3 mm shank tap drills, trephines and dental burrs
Lever-chuck for rapid replacement of drill bits
Thermoregulation can be compromised during anesthesia and surgery. The Animal Temperature Control System is designed to maintain normal body temperature during surgery or during animal experiments conducted under anesthesia. With the various sized heating pads available, it is suitable for use with a range of mammals (mouse, rat, cat etc.).
It consists of a heating pad, rectal thermistor probe, and control box. The heating pad is placed under the animal, while the tip of the rectal probe is inserted and taped to the tail. The pad and probe are then plugged into a control box via a junction and a 2.5 meter shielded cable. The control box slowly varies its output based on the resistance of the thermistor. The heating pad uses a proportional DC voltage that does not generate electrical noise or switching transients, making it appropriate for electrophysiology.
Temperature control from 25 to 45.9 °C is provided. A front panel LED displays the animal’s actual temperature to 0.1 °C, and a front panel dial is used to set the desired temperature set point.
With the 40-90-3 Liquid Immersion Heating Rod and 40-90-6 Liquid Thermistor Insert, the temperature controller can also be used to heat up to 1L of liquid and maintain a constant temperature to serve as a water bath or warmed perfusate.
The BASi® basic surgical instrument kit includes a collection of surgical instruments, recommended suture materials, and other small items used when preparing animals for microdialysis or ultrafiltration experiments. Additional surgical accessories may be ordered separately (see Ordering Information, below). Kit instruments are packaged in a soft cloth storage pouch.
Iris Tissue Forceps
#10 Scalpel Blades (12)
#3 Scalpel Handle
Serrefine Clamps (2)
5.5" Kelly Forceps (2)
Jeweler Forceps
Needle Holder
Iris Scissors
Operating Scissors
Bone Wax
#14 Surgeon's Needles (12)
#18 Surgeon's Needles (12)
Suture Thread and Dispenser
Surgical Introducer Needle
Bottle of Veterinary Glue
Soft Cloth Instrument Pouch
Acrylic and Bone Wax
The two part acrylic cement (MD-1300) is the cost effective way to secure your IC cannula in place. One kit will provide sufficient material to prepare up to 8 implants.
Bone wax serves to stop or retard bleeding from the bone (MR-5309). It can be a useful tool during stereotaxic surgery.
Our Brain Matrices make confirmation of probe placement an easy task. We offer a range of species and orientations to meet your needs.
Original casting was made using representative brain from species
Range of species from mouse to monkey
1mm slots for small animal and 2mm slots for large animal
Alternate Tissue Matrices also available
Solid zinc construction resists scratches and corrosion
In vivo ultrafiltration sampling probes use loops of membrane connected to a single collection tube. They are defined by the number of loops of membrane and the length of membrane in each loop. For example, the model UF-3-12 probe has 3 loops of membrane and each loop contains 12 cm of membrane. Use a probe like this if you want to get maximum flow and study extracellular analytes in a uniform tissue such as subcutaneous tissue. Since the membrane is formed into a loop, the loop length is half the membrane length. So in a UF-3-12 probe, the length of the loop is 6 cm. Other probe models are named in the same manner: UF-1-2 has one loop containing 2 cm of membrane, UF-3-8 has three loops each containing 8 cm of membrane, etc.
In Vivo Ultrafiltration Accessories
Several BASi® accessories can be used for in vivo ultrafiltration sampling. These include surgical supplies, animal caging systems, FEP tubing and tubing connectors, and the Vacuum Needle Holder. The Vacuum Needle Holder is a key convenience and safety item that we strongly recommend.
The Vacuum Vial Needle Holder is an important ultrafiltration convenience and safety accessory. This protects you from accidental needle sticks.
MD-1322 Vacuum Vial Needle Holder
Allows collection of in vivo ultrafiltration samples using standard Vacutainers up to 10ml, while providing protection to the test subject, the user, and the sample being collected by shielding the replaceable needle and Vacutainer in a durable polycarbonate enclosure.
MD-1320 Replacement Vacuum Vial Needles, 6/pk
Replacement needles for use on Vacuum Vial Needle Holder (MD-1322). Needles are specially designed to easily pierce the rubber septum of a standard Vacutainer while allowing easy collection of in vivo ultrafiltration samples.
We offer two tubing options to suit your needs. Each tubing type combines minimal dead volume, maximum applicability, and plenty of flexibility for your experimental set-up.
FEP Teflon Tubing
Connect all components of the microdialysis set up
Swept Volume of 1.2µL/10 cm
Clear tubing makes it easy to observe flow during priming
Flexible, yet strong tubing is easy to handle
Sold in standard 1 m lengths, or in customized lengths by the foot
PEEK Tubing
Connect all components of the microdialysis set up
Swept Volume of 1.2µL/10 cm
Color-coded tubing available in Blue, Red and Tan
Low oxygen permeability
Opaque tubing is ideal for light sensitive compounds
Sold in standard 1 m lengths, or in customized lengths by the foot
Tubing Connectors
Splice a variety of materials together with our easy to use Flanged Tubing Connectors.
Connect tubing with probes, syringes, swivels or connectors
Each package contains 20 connectors
Connect a variety of materials ranging from 0.6 to 0.8mm OD
No introduction of additional dead volume
Soak connectors in 70% ethanol prior to use. Connectors easily slide on, and then shrink as the alcohol evaporates.
Pets have become like children in many homes around the world. They demand and deserve the same healthcare possibilities. Vetronics develops and sells instruments used in veterinary clinics and pharmaceutical research facilities, both to ensure the health of companion animals and to monitor the safety and effectiveness of new drugs for animals and humans. Our diagnostic and surgical monitoring equipment will allow you to serve your patients' needs better, and at the same time get bottom-line results for your clinic.
Key Features
Ability to analyze last 60 seconds of an ECG tracing
Provides full diagnostic reports within minutes
Prints a diagnostic report
Reports include: Parameter chart, Up to 6 leads, Diagnosis, Clinical characteristics, Recommended treatment, Long-term follow-up, References
Surgical monitoring: View leads I, II, III, and Prints up to a 10-minute monitor report of lead II
Copy monitor and diagnostic reports into patient records
Cardiology consultation service available
Non – Diagnostic Option (Reduced Price)
Non-diagnostic reports include: Parameter chart, Up to 6 leads
Features
End Tidal CO2, inspired CO2, and respiratory rate are measured and displayed on the computer screen.
A capnogram is generated and displayed on the computer screen, along with a smaller trend graph.
Operator can set high and low values for all measurements.
Values included in the trend monitor report.
Capnostat 5 CO2 Sensor.
Large airway adapter fits ET tube sizes greater than 4.0mm
Small airway adapter fits ET tube sizes 4.0mm or less
Features
Continuously monitors airway pressure.
All animals must be intubated.
Ability to vary the maximum airway pressure.
Controllable expiratory length.
Unique stainless steel t-piece assembly.
Valve bypass switch.
Status indicators show the valve position.
Clear 2-digit display shows the maximum inspiratory pressure allowed before the valve opens during the expiratory phase and shows the difference between the airway pressure and target pressure during the inspiratory phase.
The BASi Culex® Automated In Vivo Sampling System was developed by BASi to collect pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics data from rats, mice, and other small rodents. The BASi Culex automatically collects blood, bile, urine, feces, dialysates, and more — all from awake and freely-moving animals. The Culex is a powerful, flexible instrument that will allow you to collect multiple types of data from individual animals, reducing animal stress, improving technician productivity and increasing throughput. Use the Empis® Automated Dosing accessory to interface with the blood collection unit, and automate your entire experiment from start to finish. We offer many options for configuring your BASi Culex. Choose a single-workstation "benchtop" frame, a single station rolling cart, or a rolling cart that accommodates up to four workstations to house up to four animals at once. A variety of cages are also available, suitable for everything from microdialysis to metabolic collections. Automated dosing accessories, additional fraction collectors, or software additions may be purchased along with a basic BASi Culex, or added on later. No matter what your research or the needs of your lab, we can help you choose the BASi Culex System that is right for you.
Base model sits on counter - great for teaching labs, or for labs transitioning from manual to automated sampling.
Optional wheeled cart upgrade - great for extra mobility, and includes storage.
Minimal setup required - comes with everything you need to get started right out of the box.
Additional stand available for benchtop metabolic collection (comes standard with wheeled cart).
CulexNotify wireless notifications (SMS and email).
Applications:
Includes: Culex NxT automated sampler, sample collector, benchtop stand, Raturn system with tether, stackable rat cage, collars, software
Please specify North American or European power cords when ordering
Upgrades Available:
Universal Stackable Cage with optional mouse kit or rat metabolic collection
Empis® Automated Drug Infusion
Additional Sample Collector for simultaneous bile collection (requires stand or wheeled cart base accessory)
This cart for laboratory in vivo studies holds between one and four animals and occupies less than one square meter of floor space. A special arm allows the laptop compter to be stored under the cart when not in use.
Minimal setup required - comes with everything you need to get started right out of the box.
CulexNotify wirelss notifications (SMS and email)
Applications:
Includes: 4 x CulexNxT automated sampler, 4 x sample collector, 4-station cart, 4 x Raturn system with tether, 4 x stackable rat cage, collars, consumables, laptop with software
Please specify North American or European Pwer cords when ordering
Upgrades Available:
Universal Stackable Cage with optional mouse kit or rat metabolic collection
Empis® Automated Drug Infusion
Additional Sample Collector for simultaneous bile collection (requires additional shelf)
The Empis Automated Drug Infusion System is an automated dosing device that can be used alone or in conjunction with the BASi Culex® Automated In Vivo Sampling System. The Empis can be used in several capacities including drug delivery, perfusion device, and automated bile collection.
Steady-state infusion
Pump refills automatically for long-term infusions and in vivo microdialysis
Program drug-drug interaction studies and link them to PK/PD data
Utilize P450 induction
Hands-off dosing via IV, gastric or duodenal catheters
Drive 4 Empis modules (12 controlled syringes) from a single Windows program
No liquid swivels required
Delivers fluid automatically from three syringes and reservoirs to a single, implanted catheter
Supports multiple protocols
Automatically coordinate dosing and bood sampling protocols
Applications:
Includes: Empis automated drug infusion system, power supply, software
Measurements, power, communication
Please specify North American or European power cords when ordering
Upgrades Available:
4-station power supply (for use with 4-station cart)
The Large Animal version of the BASi Culex® System is ideally suited for large animal models, including swine and primates.
Adaptable to a home cage where the subject can remain secure and comfortable
No slings or restraints necessary
Fluid replacement at each sampling time point
An uncomplicated system with user-friendly software
Applications:
Includes: Culex-L automated sampler, sample collector, stand and software
Please specifiy North American or European Power Cords when ordering
Measurements, power, communication
Up to four systems can be controlled from a single computer
Upgrades
Content coming soon
Content coming soon
BASi® offers a variety of purpose made cages to assist you in your research. Our flexible, transparent, and user friendly cages are employed in a wide range of in-life laboratory applications including:
General behavioral observation and monitoring / scoring
Automated blood sampling
In vivo microdialysis
Live animal infusion
Other in vivo sampling
Behavioral pharmacology and neuroscience
All the cages are compatible with liquid swivel and Raturn®.
Universal Cage
Multi-purpose, flexible Universal Cage.
One cage for rats, mice or similar sized rodents.
Accessories are available to suit your experimental needs.
Modify effortlessly to accommodate multiple applications.
Access panel (door) for easy animal dosing and handling.
Stacks for easy storage. Compatible with all BASi Raturn® Systems.
Metabolic mouse cage with mesh floor
Specifically designed for handling mice.
Includes a fine mesh screen floor and Teflon-lined funnel suitable for collecting urine and feces from mice.
Weighable food and water tubes to monitor intake.
Dual Species Cage
Suited for use with rats, mice and other small rodents.
Three configuration options give the cage flexibility.
Stackable Polycarbonate Cage
Ideally designed for rats or similar-sized rodents.
Capable for use with mice or similar-sized rodents.
Access panel (door) for convenient animal dosing and handling.
Stacks for easy storage.
Compatible with All BASi's Raturn® Systems.
Round Bottom Bowl Cage with Access Panel
Ideally designed for rats or similar-sized rodents.
Capable for use with mice or similar-sized rodents.
Access panel (door) for convenient animal dosing and handling.
Stacks for easy storage.
Compatible with BASi's Stand-alone Raturn® Systems.
Compatible with BASi’s Liquid Swivel System.
Pigturn
The system was developed with swine, but can be applied to many other species. The innovative, movement responsive caging facilitates collection of multiple streams of data to get the most out of your research. Collect large volume blood samples anytime, with less stress for both the subject and the technician.
The LC Epsilon (e5) is the latest in the line of electrochemical detectors that BASi® initiated over 38 years ago. It is a fully computer-controlled detector specifically designed for the requirements of electrochemical detection in liquid chromatography. It controls and monitors a thin-layer flow cell attached to chromatographic columns ranging from microbore to standard bore (0.32 - 4.6 mm ID) formats. It is optimized for high current sensitivity and low noise by including important design features such as extensive filtering, optical isolation between the digital and analog components, and particular circuit layout and electronic component selection. Users have great flexibility in choosing a configuration to meet their needs with 1-, 2-, and 4-channel versions available. It can perform constant potential amperometric detection, pulsed amperometric detection (PAD), and can acquire data from external devices. ChromGraph® software, a sophisticated set of programs for control of the LC epsilon and the acquisition and analysis of data generated by the liquid chromatography system is included. The software runs in the Windows® environment, providing all the flexibility and multi-tasking inherent in this operating system.
The Petit Ampère is a portable, amperometric potentiostat designed for basic electrochemical detection and biosensor applications. It can use either battery or AC power, and may be combined with additional Petit Ampères to produce a multichannel potentiostat. Three different versions of the Petit Ampère are available with different current ranges.
An electrochemical detection flow cell consists of a working electrode, an auxiliary electrode, and a reference electrode. These work together with the electrochemical detector to apply a controlled potential for your sample to flow across, and be oxidized or reduced. The electrochemically active surface of the working electrode may be glassy carbon, copper, gold, nickel, platinum, copper, or mercury/silver.
BASi® working electrodes contain a cylinder of electrode material embedded in a PEEK block. The surface is polished to a mirror finish. The electrochemically active surface of the working electrode may be glassy carbon, gold, nickel, platinum, copper, or mercury/silver. Custom electrodes of non-listed material can be fabricated by special order.
The actual electrochemically active surface(s) in a working electrode are the centrally located “dots” in the working electrode block, as illustrated below. In some cases there may be multiple working electrodes within a working electrode block. With multiple surfaces you can further optimize the detection of multiple analytes via dual or quad electrochemical detection.
The stainless steel electrochemical detection Auxiliary Electrode block has alignment pins that insure the thin-layer gasket and working electrode are properly aligned when assembled. The auxiliary electrode includes a phenolic base, arms, and inlet/exit connections. Order complete electrochemical detector flow cell package, or individual auxiliary electrode parts, including the three parts of the clamping mechanism. There are four auxiliary electrode styles available, cross flow with down-stream reference electrode, cross flow with reference electrode port, arc flow, and radial flow. If fraction collection or connection to a second detector (UV, fluorescence, or MS) is required, then the cross-flow with reference port (MF-1092) should be used. Otherwise, for cross-flow applications we recommend the downstream reference configuration (MF-1093).
These compact, glass-bodied reference electrodes are available in two styles. The 7.5 cm long RE-5B reference electrode is used for electrochemistry experiments and is compatible with the C-3 Cell Stand, the CGME Controlled Growth Mercury Electrode Cell Stand, and the RDE-2 Rotating Disk Electrode Cell Stand. The RE-6 reference electrode (3 cm) is designed for use with the Electrochemical Flow Cell. All electrodes have a 6 mm OD glass body, and use a porous junction (frit) made from a ceramic material (RE-6) or CoralPor™ (RE-5B). (Note that, due to the high resistance of the ceramic frit, the RE-6 electrode is only recommended for aqueous electrolytes.)
Connection to the cell lead is via a gold-plated pin on the end of a flexible plastic-coated wire (RE-5B and RE-6) An O-ring is included with each electrode. Between uses, reference electrodes should be stored with junction tips in a MR-5275 vial filled with 3M NaCl.
A double junction reference electrode can be set up using an RE-5B reference electrode with the glass chamber MF-2030. This chamber also has a CoralPor™ frit, which must be maintained.
The volume of the Electrochemical Detector thin-layer cell is determined by the thickness of the gasket used to separate the auxiliary and working electrodes. BASi® produces 0.0005", 0.002", 0.005" and 0.015" thick PET or Teflon gaskets which can be used alone or stacked in various combinations to give the desired cell thickness. The 0.0005" PET gasket (for microbore columns) appears clear, while the other gaskets look milky-white.
Conventionally, the electrochemical determination of hydrogen peroxide has been used to selectively measure acetylcholine, choline, glucose and lactate in diverse biological samples. The target analyte is separated using a microbore or cartridge chromatography column. The analyte then passes through an analyte-specific, oxidase enzyme bound to a post-column immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER) that produces the H2O2 which is then detected downstream at the surface of a working electrode in the electrochemical detector's cell.
The electron transfer kinetics, and hence the current response, of redox-active species can be dramatically affected by the condition of the surface of the working electrode. Pretreatment of the electrode surface may therefore be necessary in order to obtain reproducible results.
If rinsing the electrode surface with water and/or methanol is insufficient to remove adsorbed species and restore the working electrode to prime condition, then hand polishing may be required using the PK-4 polishing kit. The polish suspensions are applied to fabric pads attached to glass plates. The progression of polishing should always proceed from coarse to fine materials, with thorough rinsing and a change of pads between each step.
For more information about electrode polishing and other methods of electrode pretreatment, see "Practical Problems in Voltammetry 4: Preparation of Working Electrodes", A.W. Bott, Current Separations, 16 (1997) 79.
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